Interlocking shingle



0. V. BUM PAS .INTERLOCKING SHINGLE April 2, 1940.

Filed Jan. 19, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 .ZW/f/Yfa'b Q 014/5 [50 Pfl s I AApril 2, 1940. C. v. BUMPAS 2,195,847

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Jan. 19, 1959' s Sheets-Sheet 2 April 2,1940. Q v BUMPAS 2,195,847

INTERLOCKING SHINGLE Filed Jan. 19, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Apr.2, 1940 "UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE INTERLOOKING SHINGLE 0llieV.Bumpas, Memphis, Tenn. Application January 19, 1939, Serial No. 251,668

I 5 Claims. 01. 108-17) d I 1 than Fig. 1 showing the upper end portionof a i This invention relates to roofing shingles and a roof madetherefrom, and has particular .relation to roofing shingles having edgeportions adapted to engage with and, to be engaged by the complementaryedges of adjacent shingles and thereby accomplish a unitary roofingsurface.

vMuch time andthought has been givenin roof construction to roofingunits or shingles which can be securely fastenedto anjunderlyingsheeting or support and in Whichthe fastening means of one shingle iscovered'by asubsequently placed shingle, but substantially all of theroofs constructed from such shinglesrequire that the roof be covered bya double oreven a triple thickness of the material throughout in orderto eifectually prevent leakage;

The objects-of the present invention are Tomake a roofing shingle, themajor portion of which when laid aiiords protection through a singlelayer of material only and in which it is necessary to overlap edgeportions only, except for such edge portions,doubling of the'thick ,nessof the material is not required.

A further object of the invention is to make a shingle unit in which theside edge portions of the lower half of the shingle unit overlie andlock together the complementary'edge portions of the upper halves of twoadjacent'shingles of a lower row and the extreme lower end portion ofsaid shingle unit overlies and interlocks with said adjacent shinglesand the extreme up' per end of a shingle of the next successively lowerrow of shingles, and in which the side edge portions of the upper halfof the said shingle unit underlie and lock together the complementaryside edge portions of an upper row. of shingles and the extreme upperend of said shingle unit underlies and interlocks with the latter saidside edge portions and the extreme lower end of a shingle of the nextsuccessively upper row.

The means by vwhich the foregoing and other objects are accomplished andthe manner of their accomplishment Will readily be understood fromthefollowing specification on reference to the accompanying drawingsyinwhich:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary portion of the roof showing a plurality ofshingles including lower and side edge starting shingles.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken as on the line IIII of Fig. 1. d

Fig. 2A is a fragmentary side elevation showing an edge view of the midportion, lengthwise, of the shingle.

Fig. 3 is-a fragmentary-plan on a larger scale on the line V- V of Figs.3, 4 and 1.

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line VI--VI of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 a transverse section on the line VII-VII of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8 a transverse section on the line VIII-'V1II of Fig. 1;

Fig. '9 is a plan view of an individual shingle on substantially thescale shown in Figs. 3 to 8 inclusive; and

Fig. 10 is a corresponding side view.

The drawings show a plurality of substantially diamond shapeshingles orunits A, Al, A2 and A3; half-diamond starting units B, BI; aquarter-diamond cornerstarting units C; and a halfdiamond edge unit D;the half units or shingles B being identical with the upper half of ashingle A, with the addition of a downwardly turned edge portion it, andthe edge units or'shingles D being a half of a shingle A divided along alongitudinal line with the addition of a downwardly extending edgeportion I I. I2 is the roof sheeting, ordinarily of wood, to whichsheeting the shingles are fastened as by nails l3.

Each shingle comprises a substantially diamond shaped central or bodyportion 15 sloping slightly downward, laterally and oppositely from alongitudinal mid ridge it, this central portion being entirelysurrounded by edge members adapted to interlock with complementary edgemembers of additional shingles. Preferably the body portion isstiffened, and, incidentally, ornamented, by ribs H which preferablyform a diamond shaped pattern conforming in general outline to theoutline of the body portion, with an outlying portion l5A therearound.

The interlocking members along the lower half of the shingle'body areformed by turning or bending the edge-portions of this half of they bodydownwardly and inwardy to form a flange 8A, 118B, 180, the lower edge ofwhich may be outwardly turned horizontally to form a stiffeningmemberl3. The flange 18A extends continuously from substantially the middle,length edge of the shingle.

wise, of the body to, the lower end of the body, the portion IE3 isarcuately curved around the lower end of the body and the portion |8Cthence extends along the opposite side of the body back to the middle,the structure forming at the lower end of the shingle an arcuate nose Ewith a downwardly and inwardly turned edge flange. The stiffener memberI9 preferably stops short of and does not follow around the ower end ofthis nose.

The edge-portions of the upper half of the body are upwardly andinwardly turned to form a flange 20A, 20B, 200, having substantiallyidentical slopes with the flange portions I80, I83 and [8A respectivelyof the lower half, and at the upper end of the body form an arcuate noseF with an upwardly and inwardly turned edge flange, the noses E and Fbeing preferably similar but oppositely faced. From the upper edge ofthe flange 2!], a stifiener belt 2| extends horizontally outward. On theopposite sides of the shingle the outer edges of this belt are bentdownwardly and outwardly on' a slope parallel to the slope of the flangeportions 20A, 20C respectively, forming riser members or risers 22, thelower edge-s of which risers are outwardly turned horizontally to formnailing strips 23. The risers 22 terminate substantially at the middle,lengthwise, of the body and the flange portions 20A, 29C arerespectively continued arcuately outward around the corresponding endsof the belt 2|, each to form a half-nose G on one such end, these nosesbeing shaped in substantially identical conformity respectively eachwith a half of the nose E. Beginning at the apex of the nose F the belt2| is upwardly and outwardly flanged to form an oppositely faced nose Habove such belt level. In forming the nose H, the apex of the flange 20Bis continued upward and forms the apex of said nose II. From this apex,said upwardly and outwardly flanged portions 20D curve arcuately aparttoward the top 20E is an integral plate at the upper edge of the flangeportions completing the nose H.

The term diamond shaped used in the specification aptly describes thestructure disclosed in the drawings. I wish it distinctly understoodhowever that the shingle may be a substantially square diamond, or evenwider than the height and that the edges may be curved throughout theirlength instead of straight in part so long as the interlocking edgefeatures are maintained.

The shingle is preferably made of sheet-like material which will retainits form, and preferably is of sheet metal, such as copper, iron orother suitable material.

In building a roof, 2. starter shingle C is placed at the lower and sideedge of the roof with the downwardly turned edge portions ill and H ofthe shingle against the edge and side respectively of the roof and theseedges and the flanged edge 23 are secured by nailing to the sheeting. Astarter shingle B is then placed with its lower edge against the loweredge of the shingle C. Its edge portion I is nailed to the edge of thesheeting and its flanges 23 nailed down, and such additional startingshingles, as the shingle BI, are then placed successively and similarlysecured.

The shingle A is then placed with the side edges of its lower halfoverlying the side edges of the starter shingles C and B and with thenose E projecting over the edge of the roof so that the downwardlyturned flange portions I8A,

I8B and I8C may slip downward over the flanged portions 200 and A of theshingles B and C respectively and over the half-nose of such startershingle corresponding to the half-nose G of the shingles Al, etc. Theshingle A is then moved longitudinally upward along the roof causing theinterlocking engagement of the flanges I 8A and H30 with the flanges 20Cand 20A respectively, and the flange portion I8B of the nose E tointerlock with the flange portions of the halfnoses G of the startershingles and tends to draw these noses together. When flange engagementof the shingle A with the shingles B and C has been accomplished, nails[3 are driven through the flanges 23 securely fastening the upper halfof the shingle A directly to the roof sheeting. Thereafter the edgeshingle D may be similarly engaged with the upper half of the shingle Aand its edge portion and nailing flange 23' be fastened to the roof andadditional shingles Al, A2 and A3 be similarly and successively placedand secured.

It will be noted that the nose F at the upper end of each shingleunderlies and interlocks with the upper end of the adjacently placedside flanges of the lower halves of two superposed shingles forming anedge locking and sealing joint at such place, and that the nose H formsan undercut abutment against which the half noses G of these sameshingles seat.

Over this structure the lower nose E of the next overlying shingle formsa cap which overlies and interlocks with the half-noses G and locksthese half-noses laterally and longitudinally against said abutment.

I claim:

1. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond shaped bodyportion having downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming afirst nose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuingalong the side edges of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly andinwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametricallyopposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuingalong the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having abelt portion extending horizontally outwardly from the upper edgesthereof, said belt portion extending around said recess, and said beltand flange portions flaring outwardly and terminating at said mid pointin a half-nose conforming in plan to one-half of said first nose; andflange portions forming a second nose, said flange portions extendingupwardly and outwardly from said belt with their apex contiguous to theapex of said underlying recess, and flaring apart, the nose thus formedconforming in plan to said first nose.

2. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond shaped bodyportion having downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming afirst nose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuingalong the side of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly andinwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametricallyopposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuingalong the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having abelt portion extending horizontally outward from the upper edgesthereof, said belt portion extending around said recess, and said beltand said flange portions flaring outwardly and terminating at said midportion in a halfnose conforming in plan to one-half of said first nose;and flange portions forming a second nose,

said flange portions extending upwardly and outwardly from said beltwith their apex contiguous to the apex of said underlying recess, andflaring I nailing strips along their lower edges.

3. A roofing shingle comprising a substantially diamond, shaped bodyportion having peripheral locking members therearound, said lockingmembers of one intersecting pair of said edges, including a firstflange, said flange being downwardly and inwardly turned extendingcontinuously around the apex of said intersection, and the looking'member of the other pair of said edges including a second flange, saidsecond flange being upwardly and inwardly turned and extending con--tinuously around the apexof the intersection of said latter edges, saidsecond flange having an outwardly extended belt therearound, the sideedges of said belt being downwardly bent, and thence outwardly turned toform nailing strips; said belt at the apex of said second flange havingan upwardly and outwardly turned flange, said latter flange in" plandiverging from said apex in conformity with the apex divergence of saidfirst flange, said' second flange and belt continuing along said bodysides adjacent the mid portion and diverging outward in plan at said midpor- 4. A roofing shingle of sheet material comprising a substantiallydiamond shaped body portion having a stiffening rib lying in a diamondshaped pattern spaced inward from the edges of said body, said bodyhaving downwardly and inwardly turned flange portions forming a firstnose at one corner of said body, said flange portions continuing alongthe side edges of said body to the mid point thereof; upwardly andinwardly turned flange portions forming a recess at the diametricallyopposite corner of said body, the latter said flange portions continuingalong the side edges of the body to the mid point thereof and having abelt portion extending horizontally outward from upper edges thereof,said belt portionextending around said recess, and said belt and flangeportions flaring outwardly and terminating at said mid point in ahalf-nose conforming in plan to one-half of saidfirst nose; and flangeportions forming a second nose, said flange portions extending upwardlyand outwardly from said belt with their apex contiguous to the apex ofsaid underlying flange portions, and flaring apart, the

nose thus formed conforming in plan to said first 5. A roof, including asheeting course and a.

plurality of shingles in conformity with claim 2,

supported on said sheeting with their edges and noses interlocked andtheir nailing strips secured to said sheeting.

' OLLIE V. BUMPAS.

